401(k) Calculator

Project how large your 401(k) could grow by retirement. Enter your salary, contribution rate, employer match, expected annual return and the years left until you retire. Contributions are assumed monthly.

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Enter your details and press Project balance.

How the projection works

Your existing balance grows by compounding, and each monthly contribution (yours plus the employer match) is a payment into a growing annuity. The future value is the sum of the two:

FV = balance × (1+r)n + PMT × ( (1+r)n 1 ) ÷ r

Where r is the monthly return (annual ÷ 12), n is the number of months (years × 12), and PMT is the total monthly contribution: (salary × your % + salary × match %) ÷ 12.

Worked example

A $20,000 balance, $60,000 salary, contributing 6% with a 3% match, 7% return, 30 years out:

Monthly contribution: (60,000 × 9%) ÷ 12 = $450.
Existing balance grows to: 20,000 × 1.00583^360 ≈ $162,000.
Contributions grow to: ≈ $549,000.
Projected total:$711,000.

Why the employer match matters

An employer match is free money — an instant return on your contribution. Contributing at least enough to capture the full match (here 3% of salary) is one of the highest-return moves in personal finance. Skipping it leaves guaranteed money on the table every year.

Note: this is a nominal projection. Real returns vary year to year, contributions may rise with raises, and IRS annual contribution limits apply ($23,000 employee deferral for 2024, plus catch-up if 50+).

Frequently asked questions

How is a 401(k) balance projected?

The current balance compounds at the expected return, and each monthly contribution (yours plus the employer match) is added and grows too. The two future values are summed to project the retirement balance.

Does the employer match count toward my limit?

No. The employee deferral limit ($23,000 in 2024) applies to your own contributions. Employer match is on top, up to a higher combined limit. Always contribute enough to get the full match.

What return should I assume?

Long-run diversified stock-and-bond portfolios have historically returned around 6–8% nominal, but the future is uncertain. Many planners use 6–7%; try a range to see how sensitive the result is.

Are 401(k) contributions tax-free?

Traditional 401(k) contributions are pre-tax, lowering your taxable income now; you pay tax on withdrawals in retirement. Roth 401(k) contributions are after-tax and grow tax-free. This tool projects the pre-tax balance.

MB
Mustafa Bilgic · Editor, Calcool
Projections use standard future-value-of-an-annuity math and are nominal estimates, not guarantees. Contribution limits and tax treatment follow the IRS 401(k) rules. Markets vary; consult a financial advisor for personal planning.

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